Process for producing α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound

ABSTRACT

The invention provides a process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound by reacting a carbonyl compound (I) with a compound (II) and a compound (III). The compounds (I), (II) and (III) are defined below.                    
     R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are an organic group. PG is a protective group for hydroxy group. Y is R 4 N, S or O. The product is useful in pharmacology.

This application claims priority on provisional Application No. 60/185,399 filed on Feb. 28, 2000, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUNDS OF INVENTION

The invention relates to a process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an (α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound. From three starting compounds by one stepped reaction. The obtained compounds are useful to derive pharmacologically useful compounds. In the process of the invention, an α-hydroxycarbonyl compound, for example an α-hydroxyamide and an α-hydroxyester can be simply obtained. In the process, the amide moiety can be introduced from the corresponding amine moiety and the ester, from the corresponding alcohol.

The α-hydroxycarbonyl compound is observed in many physiological activity. For example, EP-A 900566 published on Mar. 10, 1999, JP-A 98-182601 published on Jul. 07, 1998 and EP-A 498680 published on Aug. 12, 1992 disclose an HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor. WO 98/57932 published on Dec. 23, 1998 and WO 96/32110 published on Oct. 17, 1996 disclose an anticoagulant (thrombin inhibitor). WO 99/05104 published on Feb. 4, 1999 discloses a cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor. EP-A 823423 published on Feb. 11, 1998 discloses a muscarinic M Antagonist. WO 98/05641 published on Feb. 12, 1998 discloses a bronchodilator. WO 97/29077 published on Aug. 14, 1997 discloses an antineoplastic. WO 97/21725 published on Jun. 19, 1997 discloses a gpIIb/IIIa Receptor Antagonist. JP-A 96-259558 published on Oct. 8, 1998 and EP-A 552631 published on Jul. 28, 1993 discloses an antidiabetic. WO 95/11244 published on Apr. 27, 1995 discloses an NMDA Receptor Antagonist. WO 95/05386 published on Feb. 23, 1995 discloses a phosphodiesterase IV Inhibitor.

It is evident that there are many physiologically active compounds having the α-hydroxycarbonyl in the structure. This is the reason efficient synthesis of the α-hydroxycarbonyl will be useful to production of a physiologically active compound such as medicines. It will be useful in particular to production of a statine compound.

PRIOR ARTS

In general, the α-hydroxycarbonyl compound, especially an α-hydroxyester and an α-hydroxyamide including many physiologically active compounds, can be obtained by synthesizing the corresponding α-hydroxycarboxylic acid and esterifying or amidating it. The key intermediate compound, the α-hydroxycarboxylic acid, is synthesizd at two stages, a reaction of a nucleophilic agent principally to an aldehyde or ketone and conversion of the residue of the nucleophilic agent to a carbonyl group. Typical examples thereof include production of cyanohydrin by adding cyano to carbonyl and then acid hydrolysis (for example J. J. Chen et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 1996, 6, 435-438, B. E. Maryanoff et al. and .J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1995, 117, 1225-1239), addition of an alkenyl anion or an equivalent thereto to a carbonyl compound and then an oxidative cleavage (H. H. Wasserman et al., Tetrahedron Lett., 1990, 40, 6163-6166 and T. Satoh et al. J. Org. Chem., 1991, 56, 4129-4134), addition of an orthoester anion to a carbonyl compound and then acid hydrolysis (M. Hagihara et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 6570-6571), and addition to 2-thiazolygroup to a carbonyl compound and then hydrolysis (A. Dondoni et al., Synthesis, 1995, 181-186).

In order to be converted to α-hydroxyamide and α-hydroxyester, condensaton of the produced carbonyl group with an amine or alcohol will be necessary. Among α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds, α-hydroxyamide and α-hydroxyester were conventionally obtained at three stages of reaction. It is known in FRG Patent 1988, 3643461 (DE-3643461), 88-183834 to produce an α-hydroxyester by addition of methyl isoccyanide to a carbonyl compound in the presence of titanium tetrachloride and in C—H. Zhou et al. Synthetic Commun., 1994, 24, 43-46 to produce α-hydroxyacid by reacting an aromatic aldehyde with chloroform in the presence of α-cyclodextrinand triethylbenzylammonium chloride.

Those arts are involved in problems that reaction conditions are severe, agents are limited and conversion is impossible directly to α-hydroxyamide.

Then Passerini Reaction can produce α-acyloxyamide at a single stage. It is disclosed in I. Ugi et al. Comprehensive Organic Synthesis; Pergamon, N.Y., Vol. 2, pp 1083-1109 and H. Bienayme Tetrahedron Lett., 1998, 39, 4255-4258. Passerini Reaction, however, limits the nucleophilic agent to isocyanide and produces many products with a low yield, this way having a difficulty in application. A few of isocyanides are availale in the commercial market and therefore many isocyanides have to be synthesized to obtain necessary amides.

An example of multi-component reaction, that is, one pot reaction, supporting usefulness of the invention, is disclosed in R. B. Armstrong et al. Acc. Chem. Res., 1996, 29, 123-131.

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The invention provides a process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound by reacting a carbonyl compound (I) with a compound (II) and a compound (III). The compounds (I), (II) and (III) are defined below.

R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are an organic group, being different from or the same as one another. They, in particular R¹ and R², may be any organic group that will not disturb the reaction. They may be protected by a protective group or have at least one substituent.

PG is a protective group for hydroxy group. Y is R⁴N, S or O.

R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ may have at least one substituent such as an aliphatic group, an alicyclic group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have at least one substituent. R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ may have at least one substituent, for example, that shown by Z¹, Z² or Z³. Z¹, Z² and Z³ are defined below and are different from or the same as one another.

In the above shown reaction, an aldehyde or ketone compound (I), an amine or alcohol compound (II) and a compound of H-MAC-TBS (III) may be reacted with one another in one pot. The reaction may be conducted in the presence of a base, which is useful when the amine compound (II) is weakly basic. Then it may be conducted with an agent to eliminate a hydrogen cation of the compound (III) or an agent to activate the compound (III). Then the reaction may be effected with the compound (III) activated.

The protective group may include TBDMS, TMS, TBDPS, an acyl group such as acetate, an organic metal or heteroatom group such as R²B, R³Ge and R³Sn, which can be connected with oxygen atom and then phosphoric acid or sulfonic acid.

The organic group for R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ may include typically an alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl, an alkenyl such as ethylene and propylene, an alkynyl such as ethynyl and an aryl such as phenyl.

The reaction of the invention can produce an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound, including statine compounds such as cyclohexylnorstatine and statines having the following formulae. These are useful as HIV inhibitor.

The organic group is not limited, as far as it does not disturbe the invention, and for example includes: hydrogen atom, hydroxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C_(1˜8) alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, ahalogeno C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5-12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, an amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, an amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl) C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C_(6˜12) aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group.

The substituents Z¹, Z² and Z³, which may be respectively protected if necessary, for example include: hydroxy group, mercapto group, amino group, hydroxyamino group, carboxyl group, thiocarboxyl group, dithiocarboxyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfonylamido group, azido group, cyano group, nitro group, ureido group, guanidino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylguanidino group, diC₁₋₈ alkylguanidino group, hydrazino group, hydrazinocarbonyl group, amidino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamidino group, isocyano group, cyanate group, isocyanate group, thiocyanate group, isothiocyanate group, nitroso group, thioformyl group, a C₁₋₁₂ acyl group, a C₂₋₁₂ acyloxy group, a C₁₋₁₂ acyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, carbamoyl group, a N-C₁₋₈ alkylcarbamoyl group, an N,N-di-(C₁₋₈ alkyl)carbamoyl group, carbamyl group, a halogen atom, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group, morpholino group, thiomorpholino group, piperazino group, an N-alkylpiperazino group, piperidino group, pyrazolidino group, pyrrolinyl group, pyrrolidinyl group, imidazolidyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, an amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxyamino group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cyclo alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl sulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, ahalogeno C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryll group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group., a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkoxy group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl oxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryloxy group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkoxyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkoxyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkylthio group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfonyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfinyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkylthio group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkylsulfonyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a nitro C₁₋₈ akylsulfonyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylthio group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylsulfonyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylthio group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylsulfonyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈alkynylthio group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a C₆₋₁₂ sulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, ahydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ heteroarylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ heteroarylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ heteroarylsulfinyl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl sulfonyl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, anitro C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl sulfonyl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl sulfinyl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl sulfonyl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl sulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl sulfinyl group, an amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alklylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₁₋₈alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl) C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkodyamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membererd heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl gorup, 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group; and Y represents oxygen atom, sulfur atom or the formula R⁴N (wherein R⁴ represents hydrogen atom, hydroxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryl group, C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, an amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl) C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₆ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, which may be respectively protected if necessary and may be substituted by at least one Z⁴, and R⁴ may form, together with R³, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocyclic group of monocycle or bicycle, which may further contains 0 to 4 hetero atoms selected from N, O, S(O)_(n) (wherein, n represents 0, 1 or 2))

The invention includes the following embodiments (1) to (5):

Embodiment (1)

A process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound represented by the formula (IV) or (IV′):

(wherein, R¹, R², R³, PG and Y respectively have the same meanings as defined below), which comprises the steps of reacting the compound represented by the formula (I), the compound represented by the formula (II) and the compound represented by the formula (III) by one-pot, if necessary, under the condition of activating the compound represented by the formula (III), and deprotecting, if necessary:

wherein, R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other and each represents an organic group;

R³—YH  (II)

wherein, R³ represents an organic group, and Y represents oxygen atom, sulfur atom or the formula R⁴N (wherein R⁴ represents an organic group); and

wherein, PG represents:

a) a silyl group which may be substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted aryl group and an optionally substituted heteroaryl group;

b) an alkanoyl group;

c) an alkenoyl group;

d) an alkynoyl group;

e) an aryloyl group;

f) a heteroaryloyl group;

g) an arylalkanoyl group;

h) a heteroarylalkanoyl group;

i) an alkylarylalkanoyl group;

j) an alkylsulfonyl group;

k) an alkylsulfinyl group;

l) an arylsulfonyl group;

m) an arylsulfinyl group;

n) a heteroarylsulfonyl group;

o) a heteroarylsulfinyl group;

p) an arylalkylsulfonyl group;

q) an arylalkylsulfinyl group;

r) a heteroarylalkylsulfonyl group;

s) a heteroarylalkylsulfinyl group;

t) an alkylarylsulfonyl group;

u) an alkylarylsulfinyl group;

v) an alkylheteroarylsulfonyl group;

w) an alkylheteroarylsulfinyl group;

x) an alkylphonphonyl group;

y) an arylphosphonyl group; or

z) a heteroarylphosphonyl group.

Embodiment (2)

A process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound represented by the formula (IV) or (IV′):

(wherein, R¹, R², R³, PG and Y respectively have the same meanings as defined below), which comprises the steps of reacting the compound represented by the formula (I), the compound represented by the formula (II) and the compound represented by the formula (III) by one-pot, if necessary, under the condition of activating the compound represented by the formula (III), and deprotecting, if necessary:

wherein, R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other and each represents an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, which may be protected, have at least one substituent and have at least one heteroatom;

R³—YH  (II)

wherein, R³ represents an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, which may be protected, have at least one substituent and have at least one heteroatom, and an amino group or alkoxy group, which may be protected, have at least one substituent and have at least one heteroatom; and Y represents oxygen atom, sulfur atom or the formula R⁴N (wherein R⁴ represents an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, which may be protected, have at least one substituent and have at least one heteroatom); and

wherein, PG represents:

a) a silyl group which may be substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₂ aryl group and an optionally substituted 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group;

b) a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

c) a C₃₋₉ alkenoyl group;

d) a C₃₋₉ alkynoyl group;

e) a C₇₋₁₃ aryloyl group;

f) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloyl group;

g) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

h) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

i) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

j) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group;

k) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group;

l) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group;

m) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group;

n) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group;

o) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group;

p) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group;

q) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group;

r) a 5 to 12-,membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group;

s) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group;

t) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group;

u) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group;

v) a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group;

w) a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group;

x) a C₁₋₈ alkylphosphonyl group;

y) a C₆₋₁₂ arylphosphonyl group; or

z) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylphosphonyl group.

Embodiment (3)

A process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound represented by the formula (IV) or (IV′):

(wherein, R¹, R², R³, PG and Y respectively have the same meanings as defined below), which comprises the steps of reacting the compound represented by the formula (I):

(wherein, R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other and each represents hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ a alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ B alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl alkenyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonylalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinylalkynyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5- to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C_(1˜8) alkylthio 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ aklynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, an amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkanoylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl) C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, which may be respectively protected if necessary, and are independent of each other and may be substituted by at least one optional group selected from the group represented by Z¹ (wherein, Z¹ has the same meaning as Z³); provided that the compound in which both R¹ and R² are hydrogen atoms is excluded.), the compound represented by the formula (II):

R³—YH  (II)

(wherein, R³ represents hydrogen atom, hydroxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ ₆ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C_(1˜8) alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5-12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, an amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, an amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl gorup, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₁₋₈ alkyl gorup, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl) C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C_(6˜12) aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group which may be respectively protected if necessary and may be substituted by at least one optional group selected from the group represented by Z³ (wherein, Z³ represents hydroxy group, mercapto group, amino group, hydroxyamino group, carboxyl group, thiocarboxyl group, dithiocarboxyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfonylamido group, azido group, cyano group, nitro group, ureido group, guanidino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylguanidino group, diC₁₋₈ alkylguanidino group, hydrazino group, hydrazinocarbonyl group, amidino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamidino group, isocyano group, cyanate group, isocyanate group, thiocyanate group, isothiocyanate group, nitroso group, thioformyl group, a C₁₋₁₂ acyl group, a C₂₋₁₂ acyloxy group, a C₁₋₁₂ acyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, carbamoyl group, a N-C₁₋₈ alkylcarbamoyl group, an N,N-di-(C₁₋₈ alkyl)carbamoyl group, carbamyl group, a halogen atom, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group, morpholino group, thiomorpholino group, piperazino group, an N-alkylpiperazino group, piperidino group, pyrazolidino group, pyrrolinyl group, pyrrolidinyl group, imidazolidyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, an amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxyamino group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cyclo alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl sulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkyl gorup, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryll group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkoxy group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl oxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ a alkynyloxy group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryloxy group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkoxyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkoxyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membererd heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membererd heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkylthio group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfonyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfinyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkylthio group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkylsulfonyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a nitro C₁₋₈ akylsulfonyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylthio group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylsulfonyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈alkenylthio group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylthio group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylsulfonyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C_(1˜8) alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a C₆₋₁₂ sulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-memnbered heteroarylthio group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ heteroarylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ heteroarylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ heteroarylsulfinyl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl sulfonyl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl sulfonyl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl sulfinyl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl sulfonyl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl sulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a 5 to 12-memnbered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₁₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membererd heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ a alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl sulfinyl group, an amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alklylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl) C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkodyamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membererd heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl gorup, 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, which may be respectively protected); Y represents oxygen atom, sulfur atom or the formula R⁴N (wherein R⁴ represents hydrogen atom, hydroxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryl group, C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, an amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl) C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, which may be respectively protected if necessary and may be substituted by at least one Z⁴ which have the same meaning as Z³, and R⁴ may form, together with R³, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocyclic group of monocycle or bicycle, which may further contains 0 to 4 hetero atoms selected from N, O, S(O)_(n) (wherein, n represents 0, 1 or 2); provided that the case R³ is hydrogen atom or hydroxy group when Y is oxygen atom or sulfur atom is excluded.), and the compound represented by the formula (III):

(wherein, PG represents:

a) a silyl group which may be substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₂ aryl group and an optionally substituted 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group;

b) a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

c) a C₃₋₉ alkenoyl group;

d) a C₃₋₉ alkynoyl group;

e) a C₇₋₁₃ aryloyl group;

f) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloyl group;

g) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

h) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

i) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

j) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group;

k) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group;

l) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group;

m) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group;

n) a 5 to 12-memnbered heteroarylsulfonyl group;

o) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group;

p) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group;

q) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group;

r) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group;

s) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group;

t) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group;

u) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group;

v) a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group;

w) a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group;

x) a C₁₋₆ alkylphosphonyl group;

y) a C₆₋₁₂ arylphosphonyl group or

z) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylphosphonyl group.) by one-pot under the condition of, if necessary, activating the compound represented by the above formula (III); and deprotecting, if necessary.

Embodiment (4)

A process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound represented by the formula (IV) or (IV′):

(wherein, R¹, R², R³, PG and Y respectively have the same meanings as defined below), which comprises the steps of reacting the compound represented by the formula (I), the compound represented by the formula (II) and the compound represented by the formula (III) by one-pot, if necessary, under the condition of activating the compound represented by the formula (III), and deprotecting, if necessary:

wherein, R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other and each represents hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenylaryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group or a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, which may be respecteively protected if necessary, and are independent of each other and may be substituted by at least one optional group selected from the group represented by Z¹ (wherein, Z¹ has the same meaning as Z³), provided that the compound in which both R¹ and R² are hydrogen atoms is excluded;

R³—YH  (II)

wherein, R³ represents hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenylaryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, an amino group or a C₁₋₆ alkylamino group, which may be respectively protected if necessary and may be substituted by at least one optional group selected from the group represented by Z³ (wherein, Z³ represents hydroxy group, mercapto group, amino group, hydroxyamino group, carboxyl group, thiocarboxyl group, dithiocarboxyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfonylamido group, azido group, cyano group, nitro group, ureido group, guanidino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylguanidino group, diC₁₋₈ alkylguanidino group, hydrazino group, hydrazinocarbonyl group, amidino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamidino group, isocyano group, cyanate group, isocyanate group, thiocyanate group, isothiocyanate group, nitroso group, thioformyl group, a C₁₋₁₂ acyl group, a C₂₋₁₂ acyloxy group, a C₁₋₁₂ acyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, carbamoyl group, a N-C₁₋₈ alkylcarbamoyl group, an N,N-di-(C₁₋₈ alkyl)carbamoyl group, carbamyl group, a halogen atom, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group, morpholino group, thiomorpholino group, piperazino group, an N-alkylpiperazino group, piperidino group, pyrazolidino group, pyrrolinyl group, pyrrolidinyl group, imidazolidyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, an amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxyamino group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, which may be respectively protected if necessary); Y represents oxygen atom, sulfur atom or the formula R⁴N (wherein R⁴ represents hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, which may be respectively protected if necessary and may be substituted by at least one Z⁴ which have the same meaning as Z³, or, in case of R⁴ forming together with R³, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocyclic group of monocycle or bicycle, which may further contains 0 to 4 hetero atoms selected from N, O, S(O)_(n) (wherein, n represents 0, 1 or 2)); provided that the case R³ is hydrogen atom or hydroxy group when Y is oxygen atom or sulfur atom is excluded;

wherein, PG represents:

a) a silyl group which may be substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₂ aryl group and an optionally substituted 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group;

b) a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

c) a C₃₋₉ alkenoyl group;

d) a C₃₋₉ alkynoyl group;

e) a C₇₋₁₃ aryloyl group;

f) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloyl group;

g) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

h) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

i) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

j) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group;

k) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group;

l) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group;

m) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group;

n) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group;

o) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group;

p) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group;

q) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group;

r) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group;

s) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group;

t) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group;

u) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group;

v) a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group;

w) a C_(1-8 alkyl) 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group;

x) a C₁₋₆ alkylphosphonyl group;

y) a C₆₋₁₂ arylphosphonyl group; or

z) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylphosphonyl group.

Embodiment (5)

A process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound represented by the formula (IV) or (IV′):

(wherein, R¹, R², R³, PG and Y respectively have the same meanings as defined below), which comprises the steps of reacting the compound represented by the formula (I), the compound represented by the formula (II) and the compound represented by the formula (III) by one-pot, if necessary, under the condition of activating the compound represented by the formula (III), and deprotecting, if necessary:

wherein, R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other and each represents hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₈ a alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group or a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, which may be respecteively protected if necessary, and are independent of each other and may be substituted by at least one optional group selected from the group represented by Z¹ (wherein, Z¹ has the same meaning as Z³), provided that the compound in which both R¹ and R² are hydrogen atoms is excluded;

R³—YH  (II)

wherein, R³ represents hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group or a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, which may be respectively protected if necessary and may be substituted by at least one optional group selected from the group represented by Z³ (wherein, Z³ represents hydroxy group, mercapto group, amino group, hydroxyamino group, carboxyl group, thiocarboxyl group, dithiocarboxyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfonylamido group, azido group, cyano group, nitro group, ureido group, guanidino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylguanidino group, diC₁₋₈ alkylguanidino group, hydrazino group, hydrazinocarbonyl group, amidino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamidino group, isocyano group, cyanate group, isocyanate group, thiocyanate group, isothiocyanate group, nitroso group, thioformyl group, a C₁₋₁₂ acyl group, a C₂₋₁₂ acyloxy group, a C₁₋₁₂ acyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, carbamoyl group, a N-C₁₋₈ alkylcarbamoyl group, an N,N-di-(C₁₋₈ alkyl)carbamoyl group, carbamyl group, a halogen atom, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group, morpholino group, thiomorpholino group, piperazino group, an N-alkylpiperazino group, piperidino group, pyrazolidino group, pyrrolinyl group, pyrrolidinyl group, imidazolidyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, an amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxyamino group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, which may be respectively protected if necessary); Y represents oxygen atom or the formula. R⁴N (wherein R⁴ represents hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group or a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, which may be respectively protected if necessary and may be substituted by at least one Z⁴ which have the same meaning as Z³, or, in case of R⁴ forming together with R³, 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic group, which may further contains 0 to 4 hetero atoms selected from N, O, S(O)_(n) (wherein, n represents 0, 1 or 2)); provided that the case R³ is hydrogen atom or hydroxy group when Y is oxygen atom is excluded;

wherein, PG represents:

a) a silyl group which may be substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₂ aryl group and an optionally substituted 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group;

b) a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

c) a C₃₋₉ alkenoyl group;

d) a C₃₋₉ alkynoyl group;

e) a C₇₋₁₃ aryloyl group;

f) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloyl group;

g) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

h) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

i) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group;

j) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group;

k) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group;

l) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group;

m) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group;

n) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group;

o) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group;

p) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group;

q) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group;

r) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group;

s) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group;

t) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group;

u) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group;

v) a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group;

w) a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group;

x) a C₁₋₆ alkylphosphonyl group;

y) a C₆₋₁₂ arylphosphonyl group; or

z) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylphosphonyl group.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION

It is preferable in the process of production of the invention that the compound shown by the formula (III) is activated in the presence of a base, in the presence of a Pd complex or at a very high pressure. The base may be a tertiary amine or K₂CO₃.

The compounds obtained by the invention include compounds in which PG is trimethylsilyl, t-butyldimethylsilyl or t-butyldiphenylsilyl. In addition PG may be a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl, a C₇₋₁₃ aryloyl, a 5-17 membered heteroaryloyl, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl-C₂₋₉ alkanoyl, a 5-12 membered heteroaryl-C₂₋₉ alkanoyl or a C₁₋₈ alkyl-C₆₋₁₂ aryl-C₂₋₉ alkanoyl.

The reaction can be effected under conditions used conventionally in organic synthesis. For example the reaction temperature is in the range between −78 and 200° C., preferably between 25° C. and the room temperature. As the solvent a solvent not to be involved in the reaction may be basically used. Alternatively the compound R3-Yh may be also used, such as ethanol, methanol, an aqueous ammonia and diethylamine. Preferable are acetonitrile, diethylether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, toluene, benzene, chlorofolm, methylene chloride, hexane, cyclohexane, pentane, N,N-dimethylfolmaldehyde, pyridine and water, in particular diethylether. In order to prevent the reactants from decomposing, the atmosphere of an inert gas such as argon and nitrogen gas or a dehydrating agent such s molecular sieves, magnesium sulfate and sodium sulfate may be used when necessary. The reaction time depends on reactivity of the used reactants, ranging from just after addition of the reactants to several days. Five minutes to 24 hours are appropriate.

Working examples of the invention will be below described.

Synthesis of amides and esters will be experimentally described, referring first to siloxyamide, then hydroxyamide, siloxyester and hydoxyester.

Hereinafter 1 means 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]malonitrile and TBS means 2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl).

Experimental Section

IR spectra were measured with PERKIN-ELMER 1720 Infrared Fourier Transfer Spectrometer indicating with cm⁻¹. 1H- and ³C-NMR spectra were measured with JEOL JMN-AL300 Spectrometer at 300 MHz and 75 MHz, respectively, in chloroform-d and indicated as δ value. High Resolution Mass Spectra (HRMS) were measured with JEOL JMS-DX303. All aldehydes and ketones were distilled or recrystallized before use. Acetonitrile was distilled over calcium hydride. Anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF) and anhydrous ether were purchased from Kanto Chemicals. All the reactions were carried out under nitrogen atmosphere unless otherwise noted.

A Representative Procedure for the Synthesis of α-siloxyamides

To a solution of p-tolualdehyde (120 mg, 1.0 mmol) and 1 of Scheme 1 of page 79 (236 mg, 1.2 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 ml) was added n-butylamine (80 mg, 1.1 mmol) at 0° C. After stirring for 5 min, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography by using hexane-ethyl acetate (10/1) as an eluent to give N-butyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide: as a colorless oil (322 mg, 0.96 mmol, 96% yield).

N-Butyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethlylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide

Colorless oil, FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3422, 2958, 2932, 1670, 1526, 1090, 870, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.31 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.12 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 6.79 (br, —NH, 1H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 3.39-3.26 (m, 1H). 3.21-3.09 (m, 1H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 1.52-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.41-1.28 (m, 2H), 0.93 (s, 9H), 0.92 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.08 (s, 3H), −0.04 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (100 MHz): 172.0, 137.5, 137.0, 128.9, 126.0, 75.6, 38.5, 31.6, 25.7, 21.1, 20.0, 18.1, 13.6, −4.8, −5.4; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₉H₃₃NO₂Si (M⁺): 335.2280, Found 335.2267.

N-Butyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide

Colorless crystals, mp 72-74° C., FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3415, 3180 (br), 2958, 2932, 1651, 1540, 1484, 1265, 1122, 871, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 9.91 (s, Ar—OH, 1H), 7.34 (brd, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (brt, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (brd, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (brt, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (br, —NR, 1H), 5.41 (s, 1H), 3.46-3.21 (m, 1H), 3.20-3.05 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.26 (m, 2H), 0.99 (s, 9H), 0.92 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.10 (s, 3H), 0.07 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 174.5, 154.5, 129,0 126.2, 124.6, 119.9, 118.3, 70.8, 38.8, 31.3, 25.7, 19.8, 18.2, 13.5, −5.0, −5.7; Anal. Calcd for C₁₈H₃₁NO₃Si: C, 64.05; H, 9.26; N, 4.15. Found C, 63.82; H, 9.21; N, 4.06.

N-Butyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(2-furyl)acetamide

Colorless oil, FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3421, 2958, 2932, 1676, 1530, 1088, 841 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.36 (s, 1H), 6.92 (br, —NH, 1H), 6.32 (brs, 2H), 5.21 (brs, 1H), 3.47-3.21 (m, 2H), 1.61-1.47 (m, 2H), 1.47-1.31 (m, 2H), 0.94 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.11 (s, 3H), 0.05 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 169.6, 152.1, 142.5, 110.4, 108.6, 69.7, 38.8, 31.6, 25.7, 20.0, 18.1, 13.7, −5.1, −5.5; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₂H₂₀NO₃Si (M−′Bu)⁺: 254.1212, Found 254.1214.

N-Butyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(2-bromophenyl)acetamide

Colorless crystals, mp 38-39° C., FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3423, 2957, 2932, 1673, 1525, 1092, 870, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.54 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (brd, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (brt, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (br, —NH, 1H), 5.57 (s, 1H), 3.39-3.16 (m, 2H), 1.59-1.45 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.28 (m, 2H), 0.93 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.10 (s, 3H), −0.11 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 170.8, 139.8, 132.8, 129.4, 128.3, 127.4, 123.4, 74.2, 38.5, 31.5, 25.6, 19.9, 17.9, 13.6, −4.9, −5.4; Anal. Calcd for C₁₈H₃₀BrNO₂Si: C, 53.99; H, 7.55; N, 3.50. Found: C, 53.86; H, 7.60; N, 3.48.

N-Butyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-cyanophenyl)acetamide

Colorless oil, FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3423, 2957, 2933, 2232, 1673, 1525, 1094, 866, 841 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.63 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.59 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 6.75 (br, —NH, 1H), 5.11 (s, 1H), 3.41-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.23-3.05 (m, 1H), 1.54-1.41 (m, 2H), 1.41-1.24 (m, 2H), 0.95 (s, 9H), 0.91 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.10 (s, 3H), 0.00 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 170.5, 145.0, 131.9, 126.6, 118.6, 111.6, 74.8, 38.6, 31.4, 25.5, 19.8, 18.0, 13.5, −5.0, −5.5; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₉H₃₁N₂O₂Si (MH)⁺: 347.21, Found 347.2164.

(3E)-N-Butyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-4-phenyl-but-3-enamide

Colorless oil, FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3422, 2958, 2932, 1670, 1526, 1258, 1128, 839 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.45-7.18 (m, 5H), 6.70 (d, J=15.6Hz, 1H), 6.65 (br, —NH, 1H), 6.31 (dd, J=15.6 and 4.8 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.45-3.28 (m, 1H), 3.28-13.09 (m, 1H), 1.59-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.27 (m, 2H), 0.98 (s, 9H), 0.93 (t, J=7.2Hz, 3H), 0.14 (s, 3H), 0.13 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 171.5, 136.4, 130.5, 128.5, 127.8, 127.7, 126.6, 74.4, 38.6, 31.6, 25.8, 20.0, 18.2, 13.7, −4.7, −5.4; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₂₀H₃₃NO₂Si (M⁺): 347.2281, Found 347.2250.

(3E)-N-Butyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-pent-3-enamide

Colorless oil, FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3421, 2958, 2932, 1665, 1526, 1259, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 6.64 (br, —NH, 1H), 5.78 (dqd, J=15.6, 6.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 5.53 (ddd, J=15.6, 6.0 and 1.5 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (brd, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.41-3.25 (m, 1H), 3.25-3.10 (m, 1H), 1.71 (brd, J=6.3 Hz, 3H), 1.57-141.43 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.24 (m, 2H), 0.927 (s, 9H), 0.926 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H), 0.09 (s, 6H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 172.1, 129.3, 127.7, 74.5, 38.5, 31.5, 25.6, 19.9, 18.0, 17.5, 13.6, −4.7, −5.4; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₅H₃₁NO₂Si (M⁺): 285.2124, Found 285.2105.

N-Butyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-4-phenylbutanamide

Colorless oil, FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3424, 2958, 2931, 1665, 1530, 1104, 839 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.34-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.24-17.13 (m, 3H), 6.64 (br, —NH, 1H), 4.22 (t, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 3.40-3.15 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.52 (m, 2H), 2.20-1.89 (m, 2H), 1.56-1.43 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.27 (m, 2H), 0.96 (s, 9H), 0.94 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.13 (s, 3H), 0.09 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 173.2, 141.7, 128.41, 128.36, 125.8, 73.1, 38.5, 37.1, 31.7, 30.5, 25.7, 20.1, 18.0, 13.7, −4.8, −53; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₆H₂₆NO₂Si (M−′Bu)⁺: 292.1733, Found 292.1745.

N-n-Butyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3-ethylheptanamide

Colorless oil, FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3428, 2960, 2932, 1661, 1526, 1465, 1256, 1079, 839 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 6.53 (br, —NH, 1H), 4.13 (d, J=2.4 Hz 1H), 3.37-3.19 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.53 (m, 2H), 1.53-1.16 (m, 10H), 0.94 (s, 9H), 1.07-0.80 (m, 6H), 0.90 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.09 (s, 3H), 0.05 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 173.4 and 173.4, 75.1 and 75.0, 44.8 and 44.5, 38.4 and 38.4, 31.6 and 31.6, 29.75 and 29.73, 29.4 and 28.5, 25.7 and 25.7, 23.05 and 23.01, 22.8 and 21.8, 20.0 and 20.0, 17.9 and 17.9, 13.97 and 13.92, 13.6 and 13.6, 12.2 and 12.0, −4.95 and −4.97, −5.2 and −5.2; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₅H₃₂NO₂Si (M−′Bu)⁺: 286.2202, Found 286.2205.

N-n-Butyl-2-[(Tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3,3-diphenylpropanamide

Colorless crystals, mp 73-74° C., FT-IR (KBr): 3280, 2960, 2940, 1654, 1570, 1110, 850 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.52 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.32-7.14 (m, 6H), 6.19 (br, —NR, 1H), 4.64 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 4.54(d, J=3.9 Hz, 1H), 3.12-2.98(m, 1H), 2.98-2.84(m, 1H), 1.16-0.96(m, 4H), 0.88(s, 9H), 0.77(t, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), −0.14(s, 3H), −0.45 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR(75 Mz): 171.2, 141.3, 138.8, 130.4, 129.0, 128.2, 128.0, 126.9, 126.5, 78.8, 54.9, 38.4, 31.3, 25.8, 19.8, 18.0, 13.6, −5.6, −6.0; Anal. Calcd for C₂₅H₃₇NO₂Si: C, 72.94; H, 9.06; N, 3.40. Found: C, 72.78; H, 9.06; N, 3.43.

N-Butyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3,3-dimethylbutanamide

Colorless crystals, mp 41-42°C., FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3431, 2959, 2932, 1661, 1525, 1087, 868, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 6.30 (br, —NH, 1H), 3.72 (s, 1H), 3.25 (dt, J=6.6, 6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.56-1.28 (m, 4H), 0.95 (s, 18H), 0.93 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.08 (s, 3H), 0.03 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 172.2, 81.2, 38.4, 35.2, 31.8, 26.2, 25.8, 20.2, 18.0, 13.7, −5.16, −5.18; Anal. Calcd for C₁₆H₃₅NO₂Si: C, 63.73; H, 11.70; N, 4.64. Found: C, 63.38; H, 11.57; N, 4.74.

N-Butyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)propanamide

Colorless oil, FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3425, 2958, 2932, 1666, 1520, 1261, 1139, 985, 839 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.34 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.11 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 6.98 (br, —NH, 1H), 3.30-3.12 (m, 2H). 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.84 (s, 3H), 1.56-1.42 (m, 2H), 1.42-1.23 (m, 2H), 0.97 (s, 9H), 0.91 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.08 (s, 3H), −0.16 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 174.9, 141.0, 137.2, 128.8, 125.5, 79.4, 39.0, 31.6, 26.0, 25.9, 21.0, 20.0, 18.3, 13.7, 31 2.4, 31 3.0; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₆H₂₆NO₂Si (M−tBu)+: 292.1733, Found 292.1706.

N-Butyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-nitrophenyl)propanamide

Colorless crystals, mp 49-50° C., FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3429, 2958, 2933, 1673, 1524, 1263, 1145, 985, 862, 838 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 8.18 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.68 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 2H), 6.91 (br, —NH, 1H), 3.32-3.12 (m, 2H), 1.90 (s, 3H), 1.55-1.41 (m, 2H), 1.41-1.25 (m, 2H), 1.01 (s, 9H), 0.91 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.16 (s, 3H), −0.07 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 173.4, 151.5, 147.3, 126.5, 123.3, 79.3, 39.1, 31.5, 26.3, 26.0. 20.0, 18.3, 13.7, −2.3, −2.7; Anal. Calcd for C₁₉H₃₂N₂O₄Si: C, 59.97 H, 8.48; N, 7.36. Found: C, 59.83; H, 8.51; N, 7.35.

N-Butyl-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)cyclohexyl]carboxamide

Colorless crystals, mp 47-48° C., FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3441, 2933, 1662, 1520, 1261, 838 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 6.37 (br, —NH, 1H), 3.21 (dt, J=6.2, 6.2 Hz, 2H), 2.00-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.25 (m, 12H), 0.93 (s, 9H), 0.92 (t, J=7.5 MHz, 3H), 0.13 (s, 3H), 0.00 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 176.4, 77.9, 38.8, 36.5, 31.6, 25.9, 253, 22.2, 20.1, 18.4, 13.7, −2.4; Anal. Calcd for C₁₇H₃₅NO₂Si: C, 6.12; H, 11.2; N, 4.47. Found: C, 64.81; H, 11.26; N, 4.50.

N-Butyl-2-ethyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-butanamide

Colorless oil, FR-IR (CHCl₃): 3424, 2957, 2932, 1657, 1525, 1260, 1162, 1020, 838 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 6.94 (br, 1H), 3.26 (dt, J=6.4, 6.4 Hz, 2H), 2.00 (dq, J=14.8 and 7.4 Hz, 2H), 1.58-1.28 (m, 6H), 1.01 (s, 9H), 0.95 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 3H), 0.85 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 6H), 0.21 (s, 6H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 174.2, 84.1, 38.6, 32.8, 31.7, 26.2, 20.0, 18.6, 13.7, 8.3, −2.4; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₂H₂₆NO₂Si (M−tBu)+: 244.1733. Found 244.1770.

2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide

Colorless crystals, mp 108-110° C., FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3523, 3405, 1691, 1561, 1092, 868, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.33 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 6.73 (br, —NH, 1H), 5.62 (br, —NH, 1H), 5.03 (s, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3), 0.92 (s, 9H), 0.09 (s, 3H), −0.05 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 176.0, 137.8, 136.7, 129.0, 126.3, 75.6, 25.7, 21.2, 18.1, −4.8, −5.3; Anal. Calcd for C₁₅H₂₅NO₂Si: C, 64.47; H, 9.02; N, 5.01. Found: C, 64.36; H, 8.99; N, 4.99.

N-Hydroxy-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide

Colorless crystals, mp 109-111° C. (unstable at room temperature), FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3428, 3170 (br), 2956, 2931, 1677, 1257, 1094, 861, 841 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 9.07 (s, —OH, 1H), 7.90 (br, —NH, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 5.12 (s, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 0.89 (s, 9H), 0.06 (s, 3H), −0.10 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 169.9, 138.2, 135.9, 129.1, 126.6, 75.2, 25.7, 21.2, 18.0, −4.9, −5.3; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₁H₁₆NO₃Si (M−′Bu)⁺: 238.0899, Found 238.0917.

N-Phenyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide

Colorless oil, FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3386, 3023, 2955, 2931, 1689, 1602, 1526, 1445, 1091, 881, 842 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 8.68 (s, —NH, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.15 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.09 (t, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (s, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 0.99 (s, 9H), 0.14 (s, 3H), 0.00 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 170.1, 137.9, 137.4, 136.4, 129.1, 129.0, 126.2, 124.3, 119.3, 75.9, 25.8, 21.1, 18.1, −4.7, −5.3; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₇H₂₀NO₂Si (M−′Bu)⁺: 298.1263, Found 298.1283.

N-Methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide

Colorless oil, FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3418, 2956, 2931, 1747, 1678, 1511, 1256, 1235, 1093, 866, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.36 (br, —NH, 1H), 7.33 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 5.08 (s, 1H), 4.16 (dd, J=18.9 and 5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.93 (dd, J=18.9 and 5.7 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H), 0.95 (s, 9H), 0.11 (s, 3H), −0.04 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 172.5, 170.1, 137.8, 136.6, 129.0, 126.2, 75.5, 52.3, 40.8, 25.7, 21.2, 18.1, −4.8, −5.3; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₈H₂₉NO₄Si (M⁺): 351.1866, Found 351.1874.

N-(2-Hydroxy)ethyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide

Colorless crystals, mp 69-70° C., FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3422, 3270 (br), 2931, 1669, 1536, 1256, 1093, 867, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.32 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 5.06 (s, 1H), 4.72 (s, 1H), 3.71 (dt, J=5.0 and 5.0 Hz, 2H), 3.55-3.31 (m, 2H), 2.46 (t, J=5.4 Hz, —OH, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 0.93 (s, 9H), 0.09 (s, 3H), 310.04 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 173.6, 137.8, 136.8, 129.1, 126.2, 75.7, 62.1, 41.9, 25.8, 21.2, 18.2, −4.7, −5.3; Anal. Calcd for C₁₇H₂₉NO₃Si: C, 63.12; H, 9.04; N, 4.33. Found: C, 62.88; H, 8.97; N, 4.33.

N-((1R)-1-phenylethyl)-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide

Colorless oil, FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3413, 2955, 2931, 1669, 1510, 1089, 865, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.40-7.01 (m, 9H), 5.15-5.00 (m, 1H), 5.07 and 5.01(s, 1H), 2.33 and 2.31 (s, 3H), 1.52 and 1.44 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 3H), 0.94 and 0.85 (s, 9H), 0.11, −0.01, −0.03 and −0.08 (s, 6H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 171.3 and 171.2, 143.1 and 143.0, 137.6 and 137.6, 136.8 and 136.7, 128.99 and 128.96, 128.62 and 128.59, 127.36 and 127.19, 126.10 and 126.07, 126.04 and 125.84, 75.6 and 75.5, 48.3 and 48.0, 25.7 and 25.6, 22.1 and 21.7, 21.15 and 21.12, 18.1 and 18.0, −4.76 and −4.84, −5.37 and −5.46; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₉H₂₄NO₂Si (M−′Bu)⁺: 326.1576, Found 326.1579.

N,N-Diethyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide

Colorless oil, FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2958, 2932, 1631, 1464, 1256, 1098, 869, 840 cm⁻; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.31 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 5.49 (s, 1H), 3.54-3.37 (m, 2H), 3.24-3.05 (m, 2H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.08 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 3H), 0.97 (s, 9H), 0.68 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 3H), 0.13 (s, 6H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 171.0, 136.9, 136.7, 129.0, 124.8, 77.7, 40.3, 39.8, 25.9, 21.1, 18.4, 13.2, 12.4, −4.8, −5.2; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₅H₂₄NO₂Si (M−′Bti)⁺: 278.1576, Found 278.1566.

2-[(tert-Butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1-morpholin-4-ylethan-1-one

Colorless crystals, mp 64-65° C., FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2958, 2930, 1636, 1463, 1252, 1113, 866, 841 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.31 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.15 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 5.52 (s, 1H), 3.73-3.28 (m, 7H), 3.17-2.97 (m, 1H), 2.34 (s,3H), 0.98 (s, 3H), 0.150 (s, 3H), 0.145 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 170.5, 137.1, 136.0, 129.2, 124.4, 77.6, 66.7, 66.4, 45.6, 42.7, 25,8, 21.1, 18.3, −4.9, −5.4; Annl. Calcd for C₁₉H₃₁NO₃Si: C, 65.29; H, 8.94; N, 4.01. Found: C, 65.03; H, 8.82; N, 4.00.

N-Methoxy-N-methyl-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide

Colorless oil, FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2931, 1670, 1255, 1086, 999, 867, 840 cm⁻; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.32 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 5.55 (s, 1H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.12 (s, 3H), 0.00 (s, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz at 55° C.): 172.7, 137.5, 136.7, 129.0, 126.8, 73.6, 60.7, 33.3, 25.9, 21.1, 18.4, −4.8, −5.0. Anal. Calcd for C₁₇H₂₉NO₃Si: C, 63.12; H, 9.04; N, 4.33. Found: C, 62.75; H, 8.92; N, 4.28.

A Representative Procedure for One-pot Synthesis of α-hydroxyamides

To a solution of p-tolualdehyde (131 mg, 1.0 mmol) and 1 (216 mg, 1.2 mmol) in acetonitrile (3 ml) was added n-butylamine (80 mg, 1.1 mmol) at 0° C. After stirring for 5 min, the reaction mixtures was added dropwise THF solution of tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1.0 N, 1.5 ml, 1.5 mmol), and then stirred at 0° C. for 20 min. The resulting reaction solution was concentrated and purified with silica gel column chromatography by using hexane-ethyl acetate (3/1) as an eluent to give N-butyl-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide as a colorless powder (218 mg, 0.94 mmol, 94%).

N-Butyl-2-hydroxy-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetamide

mp 55-57° C.; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3426, 3360 (br), 2963, 2232, 1677, 1531 cm⁻¹; ¹H-NMR (300 MHz): 7.62 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.54 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.65 (br, 1H), 5.05 (s, 1H), 4.40 (br, —OH, 1H), 3.20 (dt, J=6.8, 6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.52-1.37 (m, 2H), 1.35-1.17 (m, 2H), 0.89 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 3H). ¹³C-NMR (75 MHz): 171.0, 144.9, 132.3, 127.2, 118.6, 111.9, 73.3, 39.2, 31.4, 19.9, 13.7; Anal. Calcd for C₁₃H₁₆N₂O₂: C, 67.22; H, 6.94; N, 12.06. Found: C, 67.14; H, 6.88; N, 11.94.

A Typical Procedure for the Synthesis of α-silyloxyesters

A mixture of p-tolualdehyde (120 mg, 1.0 mmol), 1 (216 mg, 1.1 mmol) and pyridine (79 mg, 1.0 mmol) in methanol (5 ml) was stirred for 2 h and then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified with silica gel column chromatography by using hexane-ethyl acetate (20/1) as an eluent to give methyl α-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetate as a colorless oil (268 mg, 0.91 mmol, 91% yield).

Methyl 2-[tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2955, 2931, 2859, 1753, 1256, 1131, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz): 7.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 5.20 (s, 1H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.10 (s, 3H), 0.03 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz): 172.7, 137.8, 136.2, 129.0, 126.3, 74.3, 52.1, 25.7, 21.2, 18.3, −5.10, −5.13; EL-HRMS Calcd for C₁₆H₂₇O₃Si (MH⁺): 295.1729. Found 295.1725.

Methyl 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetate

Colorless crystals, mp 103-104° C.; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3397, 2956, 2932, 1751, 1244, 1100, 841 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz): 7.79 (s, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J=7.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (dd, J=7.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 0.92 (s, 9H), 0.15 (s, 3H), 0.07 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (75 MHz): 172.0, 155.9, 130.0, 128.3, 122.4, 119.8, 117.5, 75.1, 52.6, 25.5, 18.1, −5.3, −5.5; Anal. Calcd for C₁₅H₂₄O₄Si: C, 60.78; H, 8.16. Found: C, 60.57; H,8.23.

Methyl 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(2-furyl)acetate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2956, 2932, 2859, 1757, 1260, 1153, 1119, 841 cm⁻; ¹H NMR (400 MHz): 7.39 (s, 1H), 6.34 (s, 2H), 5.28 (s, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H ), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.11 (s, 3H), 0.04 (s, 3H). ¹C NMR (100 MHz): 170.6, 151.6, 142.6, 110.4, 108.1, 68.7, 52.4, 25.6, 18.4, −5.2, −5.3; EI-MS: 271 (MH⁺).

Methyl 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-cyanophenyl)acetate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2955, 2932, 2860, 2232, 1757, 1261, 1136, 841, 796 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz): 7.65 (d, J=8.81 Hz, 2H), 7.60 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 5.27 (s, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 0.92 (s, 9H), 0.13 (s, 3H), 0.06 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (75 MHz): 171.4, 144.1, 132.1, 126.9, 118.5, 111.9, 73.7, 52.4, 25.5, 18.2, −5.2, −5.4; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₆H₂₄NO₃Si (MH⁺): 306.1525. Found 306.1502.

Methyl (3E)-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-4-phenylbut-3-enoate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2955, 2931, 2859, 1752, 1472, 1259, 1152, 839 cm⁻¹; ¹ H NMR (400 MHz): 7.39 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (dd, J=7.3, 7.3 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (dd, J=7,3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (dd, J=15.6, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 4.89 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 3.75 (s, 3H), 0.95 (s, 9H), 0.15 (s, 3H), 0.12 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz): 172.3, 136.4, 131.6, 128.6, 127.9, 126.7, 126.6, 73.2, 52.2, 25.8, 18.5, −5.0, −5.1; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₇H₂₇O₃Si (MH⁺): 307.1729. Found 307.1766.

Methyl (3E)-2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]pent-3-enoate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2955, 2931, 2859, 1751, 1257, 1156, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz): 5.83 (dqd, J=15.1, 6.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.57 (ddq, J=15.1, 5.8, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (brd, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 1.72 (ddd, J=6.8, 1.5, 1.5 Hz, 3H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.10 (s, 3H), 0.07 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz): 172.8, 128.3, 128.3, 73.1, 52.0, 25.8, 18.4, 17.6, −5.0, −5.1; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₂H₂₅O₃Si (MH⁺): 245.1573. Found 245.1596.

Methyl 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-4-phenylbutanoate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2955, 2931, 2859, 1751, 1259, 1132, 839 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz): 7.32-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.13 (m, 3H), 4.26 (t, J=5.8 Hz, 1H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 2.80-2.64 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.98 (m, 2H), 0.93 (s, 9H), 0.09 (s, 3H), 0.07 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz): 174.0, 141.5, 128.4, 128.4, 128.3, 125.9, 71.7, 51.8, 36.9, 31.4, 25.8, 18.4, −4.9, −5.3; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₇H₂₉O₃Si (MH⁺): 309.1886. Found 309.1847.

Methyl 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3-methylbutanoate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2960, 2932, 2859, 1748, 1259, 1146, 838 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz): 3.97 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 2.13-1.94 (m, 1H), 0.93 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.90 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 3H), 0.05 (s, 3H), 0.04 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (75 MHz): 174.0, 77.1, 51.5, 32.9, 25.7, 19.0, 18.3, 17.0, −5.0, −5.4; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₈H₁₇O₃Si (M−^(t)Bu)⁺: 189.0947. Found 189.0952.

Methyl 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-3,3-dimethylbutanoate

Coloress oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2957, 2859, 1747, 1260, 1230, 1122, 839 cm⁻¹; ¹NMR (400 MHz): 3.83 (s, 1H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 0.94 (s, 9H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.03 (s, 3H), 0.00 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz): 173.2, 80.1, 51.1, 35.3, 2.59, 25.7, 18.2, −5.3, −5.5; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₉H₁₉O₃Si (M−^(t)Bu)⁺: 203.1103. Found 203.1087.

Methyl 2-[(tert-butyldimethlylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)propanate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2955, 2931, 1735, 1261, 1163, 1122, 1006, 839 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz): 7.40 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.78 (s, 3H), 0.96 (s, 9H), 0.12 (s, 3H), 0.07 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz): 174.9, 141.4, 137.1, 128.8, 124.9, 78.4, 52.1, 28.3, 25.9, 21.0, 18.5, −2.9, −3.5; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₃H₁₉O₃Si (M−^(t)Bu)⁺: 251.1103. Found 251.1135.

Methyl 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-phenylpropanoate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2955, 2931, 2858, 1733, 1261, 1166, 839 cm⁻¹, ¹H NMR (300 MHz): 7.58-7.47(m, 2H), 7.40-7.22 (m, 3H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 1.80 (s, 3H), 1.00 (s, 9H), 0.13 (s, 3H), 0.08 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz): 174.8, 144.4, 128.1, 127.4, 125.0, 78.6, 52.2, 28.3, 25.9, 18.5, −2.8, −3.5; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₂H₁₇O₃Si (M−^(t)Bu)⁺: 237.0947. Found 237.0937.

Methyl 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoate

Colorless recrystals, mp 65-66° C.; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2956, 1735, 1524, 1351, 1262, 1167, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz): 8.18(d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.70 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.69 (s, 3H), 1.82 (s, 3H), 0.98 (s, 9H), 0.17 (s, 3H), 0.13 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz): 173.6, 151.4, 147.4, 126.0, 123.4, 78.5, 52.60, 28.3, 25.8, 18.5, −2.8, −3.6; Anal. Calcd for C₁₄H₂₅NO₅Si: C, 56.61; H, 7.42; N, 4.13. Found: C, 56.55; H,7.50; N, 4.12.

Methyl 1-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)]cyclohex-2-enecarboxylate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2953, 2857, 1733, 1256, 1038, 838 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz): 5.94 (dt, J=10.2 and 3.6 Hz, 1H), 5.78 (brd, J=10.2 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 2.20-1.60 (m, 6H), 0.87 (s, 9H), 0.09 (s, 3H), 0.05 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (75 MHz): 175.4, 131.5, 128.4, 74.0, 52.0, 34.7, 257, 24.8, 18.3, 18.2, −2.9, −3.0; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₄H₂₆O₃Si (M⁺): 270.1651. Found 270.1642.

Methyl 3-{[(dicyano[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl}-1[(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)]cyclohexanecarboxylate

Colorless crystals, mp 71-73° C.; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2956, 2246, 1740, 1257, 1139, 841 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz): 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.42 (tt, J=12.3, 3.4 Hz, 1H), 2.19 (brd, J=12.8 Hz, 1H), 2.04 (brd, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 1.89 (brd, J=13.4 Hz, 1H), 1.85-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.54 (m, 2H), 1.36-1.17 (m, 1H), 0.93 (s, 9H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.36 (s, 6H), 0.09 (s, 3H), 0.09 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (75 MHz): 174.5, 114.7, 114.4, 75.9, 67.8, 52.2, 44.2, 35.7, 35.0, 26.0, 25.8, 2.2, 19.9, 18.7, 18.1, −3.4, −4.6, −4.6; Anal. Calcd for C₂₃H₄₂N₂O₄Si₂: C, 59.18; H, 9.07; N, 6.00. Found: C, 59.18; H,9.20; N, 5.97.

Methyl 1-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)]cyclohexanecarboxylate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2936, 2857, 1733, 1250, 1156, 1084, 1062, 839 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz): 3.70 (s, 3H), 1.86-1.74 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.60 (m, 4H), 1.57-1.42 (m, 3H), 1.35-1.23 (m, 1H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.06 (s, 6H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz): 175.5, 76.5, 51.6, 36.0, 26.0, 25.3, 21.7, 18.6, −3.2; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₄H₂₉O₃Si (MH⁺): 273.1886, Found 273.1872.

Methyl 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-ethyl-butanoate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2955, 2931, 1740, 1252, 1188, 1147, 1088, 838 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz): 3.70 (s, 3H), 1.84-1.60 (m, 4H), 0.89 (s, 9H), 0.85 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 6H), 0.12 (s, 6H). ¹³C NMR (75 MHz): 175.5, 81.7, 51.6, 32.2, 26.0, 18.8, 8.4, −2.7; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₉H₉O₃Si(M−^(t)Bu)⁺: 203.1103. Found 203.1158.

n-Propyl 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2931, 2859, 1742, 1256, 1104, 874, 839 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz): 7.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 5.14 (s, 1H), 5.03-4.93 (m, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 1.22 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 1.15 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 3H), 0.92 (s, 9H), 0.11 (s, 3H), 0.04 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz): 171.9, 137.6, 136.5, 128.9, 126.2, 74.4, 68.4, 25.8, 21.7, 21.6, 21.2, 18.4, −5.0, −5.1; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₄H₂₁O₃Si (M−^(t)Bu)⁺: 265.1260. Found 265.1271.

Benzyl 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2(4-methylphenyl)acetate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2957, 2931, 1751, 1256, 1168, 1130, 867, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz): 7.35 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.33-7.26 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.19 (m, 3H), 7.14 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 5.23 (s, 1H), 5.11 (s, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 0.89 (s, 9H), 0.06 (s, 3H), 0.00 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz): 172.1, 137.8, 136.1, 135.7, 129.0, 128.4, 128.1, 128.0, 126.4, 74.3, 66.6, 25.7, 21.2, 18.3, −5.1, −5.2; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₈H₂₁O₃Si (M−^(t)Bu)⁺: 313.1260. Found 313.1251.

Allyl 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2956, 2859, 1751, 1255, 1177, 864, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz): 7.36 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.14 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 5.90-5.78 (m, 1H), 5.22 (s, 1H), 5.26-5.14 (m, 2H), 4.57 (dt, J=5.2, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 2.34 (s, 3H), 0.91 (s, 9H), 0.10 (s, 3H), 0.03 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz): 172.0, 137.8, 136.2, 131.8, 129.0, 126.3, 118.2, 74.3, 65.5, 25.7, 21.2, 18.4, −5.0, −5.1; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₄H₁₉O₃Si (M−^(t)Bu)±: 263.1103. Found 263.1096.

Phenyl 2-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-2-(4-methylphenyl)acetate

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 2931, 1772, 1493, 1256, 1192, 1126, 872, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (400 MHz): 7.46 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.37-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.13 (m, 3H), 6.98 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 5.41(s, 1H), 2.36 (s, 3H), 0.95 (s, 9H), 0.17 (s, 3H), 0.09 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz): 170.8, 150.7, 138.1, 135.8, 129.4, 129.2, 128.6, 125.8, 121.2, 74.4, 25.8, 21.2, 18.4, −5.0, −5.1; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₂₁H₂₉O₃Si (MH⁺): 357.1886. Found 357.1914.

[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy][hydroxy(4-methylphenyl)methyl]-1,1-dicarbonitrile

¹H NMR(300 MHz): 7.43 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 4.97 (s, 1H), 2.38 (s, 3H), 0.90 (s, 9H), 0.35 (s, 3H), 0.24 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (75 Hz): 139.8, 131.2, 129.0, 128.8, 114.6, 113.7, 78.4, 69.0, 25.2, 21.2, 18.0, −4.6, −4.8; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₁₇H₂₄N₂O₂Si (M⁺): 316.1607. Found 316.1611.

A Typical Procedure for One-pot Synthesis of α-hydroxyesters

A mixture of 4-cyanobenzaldehyde (131 mg, 1.0 mmol), H-MAC-TBS (216 mg, 1.1 mmol) and pyridine (79 mg, 1.0 mmol) in methanol was stirred for 2 hand then concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in THF (5 ml). To the solution was added dropwise TBAF (1.0 M solution in THF) (1.5 ml, 1.5 mmol) at 0° C. After stirring at 0° C. for additional 20 min, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and purified with silica gel column chromatography by using hexane-ethyl acetate (4/1) as an eluent to give methyl 2-hydroxy-2-(4-cyanophenyl)acetate as a white solid (168 mg, 0.88 mmol, 88% yield).

Methyl 2-hydroxy-2-(4-cyanophenyl)acetate

mp 51-52° C.; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3528, 2928, 2233, 1738, 1256, 1088 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR(300 MHz): 7.67 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.58 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 2H), 5.24 (s, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.57 (br, 1H). ¹³C NMR (75 MHz): 173.0, 143.1, 132.3, 127.3, 118.5, 112.3, 72.2, 53.4; Anal. Calcd for C₁₀H₉NO₃: C, 62.82; H, 4.74; N, 7.33. Found: C, 62.76; H,4.89; N, 7.33.

threo-Methyl 3-N-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-phenylbutane

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3437, 2953, 1753, 1717, 1504, 1146, 840 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz): 7.40-7.10 (m. 10H), 5.17 (brd, J=8.5 Hz, NH), 5.01 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J=12.3 Hz, 1H), 4.41-4.29 (m, 1H), 4.23 (d, J=1.4 Hz, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 2.87 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 0.96 (s, 9H), 0.10 (s, 3H), 0.05 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (75 MHz): 172.2, 155.7, 137.5, 136.5, 129.2, 128.5, 128.5, 128.1, 128.0, 126.6, 72.1, 66.6, 55.5, 52.0, 38.1, 25.8, 18.4, −4.7, −5.3; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₂₅H₃₅NO₅Si (MH⁺): 457.6421. Found 357.1914.

erythro-Methyl 3-N-benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-4-phenylbutane

Colorless oil; FT-IR (CHCl₃): 3443, 2954, 1753, 1719, 1507, 1254, 1150, 838 cm⁻¹; ¹H NMR (300 MHz): 7.39-7.10 (m. 10H), 5.03 (s, 2H), 4.86 (brd, J=7.6 Hz, NH), 4.45 (d, J=3.1 Hz, 1H), 4.50-4.25 (m, 1H), 3.64 (s, 3H), 2.87-2.62 (m, 2H), 0.93 (s, 9H), 0.08 (s, 3H), 0.01 (s, 3H). ¹³C NMR (75 MHz): 171.7, 155.6, 137.3, 136.4, 129.4, 128.5, 128.4, 128.1, 128.0, 126.7, 73.3, 66.7, 55.0, 51.8, 35.5, 25.7, 18.3, −5.0, −5.5; EI-HRMS Calcd for C₂₅H₃₅NO₅Si (MH⁺): 457.6421. Found 357.1914.

Then the compound (I) is reacted with the compound (III) in which PG is TBS and the compound (II) of NH—R³R⁴ to obtain the compound (IV). PG is TBSand Y is NR⁴. A one-pot method for the synthesis of α-siloxyamides by the homologation of aldehydes or ketones was developed using H-MAC-TBS reagents.

TABLE 1 Reaction of 4-CH₃C₆H₄CHO to 4- CH₃C₆H₄CH(OTBS)-CONR³R⁴ with various amines (1.1 eq) and H-MAC-TBS (1.2 eq) at 0° C. for 5 min in acetonitrile entry R³R⁴NH Yield (%) 1 C₄H₉NH₂ 96 2 NH₃ ^(a) 90 3 NH₂OH^(b)  78^(c) 4 PhNH₂ ^(d) 88 5 H₂N—CH₂—CO₂Me 88 6 HOCH₂CH₂NH₂ 94 7 (R)-PhCH(CH₃)NH₂  89^(e) 8 (C₂H₃)₂NH 77 9 morphorine 92 ^(a)10% Aqueous solution was used. ^(b)50% of aqueous solution and one equivalent of triethylamine were used ^(c)Carried out at −25° C. for 2 h. ^(d)0.1 equivalents of DMAP was added. ^(e)A mixture of diastereomer (1:1) was obtained.

TABLE 2 Preparation α-siloxyamides from conjugated aldehydes by with butylamine (1.1 eq) and H-MAC- TBS (1.2 eq) at 0° C. for 5 min in acetonitrile. Isolated entry aldehyde Yield (%) 1 4-H₃C—C₆H₄—CHO 96 2 2-HO—C₆H₄—CHO 95 3 furan-2-carbaldehyde 94 4 2-Br—C₆H₄—CHO 92 5 4-NC—C₆H₄—CHO  97^(a) 6 C₆H₅CH═CHCHO 91 7 CH₃CH═CHCHO 82 8 C₆H₅CH₂CH₂CHO  63^(b) ^(a)Direct synthesis of the corresponding α-hydroxyamide from 4-NC—C₆H₄CHO was also performed. The overall yield is 94%. ^(b)Cyanohydrin of the starting aldehyde was obtained as a byproduct.

TABLE 3 Influence of solvent on the reaction of 2- ethylhexanal with butylamine (1.1 eq) and H-MAC- TBS (1.2 eq). Reaction conditions: −25° C. for 24 h entry solvent Isolated Yield (%) 1 acetonitrile 54 2 THF 73 3 THF + MS4Å 80 4 ether 94 5 CH₂Cl₂ 67 6 toluene 92 7 hexane 90

TABLE 4 Reactions of various aldehydes and ketones in acetonitrile or ether entry aldehyde conditions^(a)) Yield 1 C₆H₅CH₂CH₂CHO A-y 82 2 E-y 85 3 Ph₂CHCHO E-y 84 4 (CH₃)₃CCHO E-z 23 5 4-O₂N—C₆H₄COCH₃ A-x 94 6 4-H₃C—C₆H₄COCH₃ E-y 73 7 A-z 96 8 cyclohexanone E-x 98 9 3-pentanone E-z 75 ^(a))A: in acetonitrile, E: in ether x: H-MAC-TBS (1.2 eq), butylamine (1.1 eq), 0° C., 5 min y: H-MAC-TBS (1.2 eq), butylamine (1.1 eq), −25° C., 2 h z: H-MAC-TBS (3.0 eq), butylamine (3.0 eq), −25° C., 2 h 

What is claimed is:
 1. A process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound represented by the formula (IV) or (IV′):

(wherein, R¹, R², R³, PG and Y respectively have the same meanings as defined below), which comprises the steps of reacting the compound represented by the formula (I), the compound represented by the formula (II) and the compound represented by the formula (III) by one-pot, if necessary, under the condition of activating the compound represented by the formula (III), and deprotecting, if necessary:

wherein, R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other and each represents an organic group; R³—YH  (II) wherein, R³ represents an organic group, and Y represents oxygen atom, sulfur atom or the formula R⁴N (wherein R⁴ represents an organic group); and

wherein, PG represents: a) a silyl group which may be substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted aryl group and an optionally substituted heteroaryl group; b) an alkanoyl group; c) an alkenoyl group; d) an alkynoyl group; e) an aryloyl group; f) a heteroaryloyl group; g) an arylalkanoyl group; h) a heteroarylalkanoyl group; i) an alkylarylalkanoyl group; j) an alkylsulfonyl group; k) an alkylsulfinyl group; l) an arylsulfonyl group; m) an arylsulfinyl group; n) a heteroarylsulfonyl group; o) a heteroarylsulfinyl group; p) an arylalkylsulfonyl group; q) an arylalkylsulfinyl group; r) a heteroarylalkylsulfonyl group; r) a heteroarylalkylsulfinyl group; t) an alkylarylsulfonyl group; u) an alkylarylsulfinyl group; v) an alkylheteroarylsulfonyl group; w) an alkylheteroarylsulfinyl group; x) an alkylphosphonyl group; y) an arylphosphonyl group; or z) a heteroarylphosphonyl group.
 2. A process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound represented by the formula (IV) or (IV′):

(wherein, R¹, R², R³, PG and Y respectively have the same meanings as defined below), which comprises the steps of reacting the compound represented by the formula (I), the compound represented by the formula (II) and the compound represented by the formula (III) by one-pot, if necessary, under the condition of activating the compound represented by the formula (III), and deprotecting, if necessary:

wherein, R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other and each represents an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, which may be protected, have at least one substituent and have at least one heteroatom; R³—YH  (II) wherein, R³ represents an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, which may be protected, have at least one substituent and have at least one heteroatom, and an amino group or alkoxy group, which may be protected, have at least one substituent and have at least one heteroatom; and Y represents oxygen atom, sulfur atom or the formula R⁴ N (wherein R⁴ represents an aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon group, which may be protected, have at least one substituent and have at least one heteroatom); and

wherein, PG represents: a) a silyl group which may be substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₂ aryl group and an optionally substituted 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group; b) a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; c) a C₃₋₉ alkenoyl group; d) a C₃₋₉ alkynoyl group; e) a C₇₋₁₃ aryloyl group; f) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloyl group; g) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; h) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; i) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; j) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group; k) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group; l) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group; m) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group; n) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group; o) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group; p) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group; q) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group; r) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group; s) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group; t) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group; u) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group; v) a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group; w) a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group; x) a C₁₋₆ alkylphosphonyl group; y) a C₆₋₁₂ arylphosphonyl group; or z) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylphosphonyl group.
 3. A process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound represented by the formula (IV) or (IV′):

(wherein, R¹, R², R³, PG and Y respectively have the same meanings as defined below), which comprises the steps of reacting the compound represented by the formula (I):

(wherein, R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other and each represents hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl alkenyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonylalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinylalkynyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C5-12 alkynyl 5- to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C_(1˜8) alkylthio 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ aklynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, an amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl) C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, which may be respecteively protected if necessary, and are independent of each other and may be substituted by at least one optional group selected from the group represented by Z¹ (wherein, Z¹ has the same meaning as Z³); provided that the compound in which both R¹ and R² are hydrogen atoms is excluded), the compound represented by the formula (II): R³—YH  (II) (wherein, R³ represents hydrogen atom, hydroxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C_(1˜8)alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5-12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₁₂ aryl group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, an amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, an amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl gorup, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₁₋₈ alkyl gorup, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl) C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ a alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C_(6˜12) aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group which may be respectively protected if necessary and may be substituted by at least one optional group selected from the group represented by Z³ (wherein, Z³ represents hydroxy group, mercapto group, amino group, hydroxyamino group, carboxyl group, thiocarboxyl group, dithiocarboxyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfonylamido group, azido group, cyano group, nitro group, ureido group, guanidino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylguanidino group, diC₁₋₈ alkylguanidino group, hydrazino group, hydrazinocarbonyl group, amidino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamidino group, isocyano group, cyanate group, isocyanate group, thiocyanate group, isothiocyanate group, nitroso group, thioformyl group, a C₁₋₁₂ acyl group, a C₂₋₁₂ acyloxy group, a C₁₋₁₂ acyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, carbamoyl group, a N—C₁₋₈ alkylcarbamoyl group, an N,N-di-(C₁₋₈ alkyl)carbamoyl group, carbamyl group, a halogen atom, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group, morpholino group, thiomorpholino group, piperazino group, an N-alkylpiperazino group, piperidino group, pyrazolidino group, pyrrolinyl group, pyrrolidinyl group, imidazolidyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, an amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxyamino group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cyclo alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl sulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkyl gorup, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryll group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkoxy group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl oxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryloxy group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryloxy group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloxy group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkoxyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkoxyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membererd heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membererd heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyloxy group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyloxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkylthio group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfonyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfinyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkylthio group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkylsulfonyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a nitro C₁₋₈ akylsulfonyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylthio group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylsulfonyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenylthio group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylthio group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylsulfonyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ a alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C_(1˜8) alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynylthio group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a C₆₋₁₂ sulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ heteroarylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ heteroarylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ heteroarylsulfinyl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl sulfonyl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, anitro C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ arylthio group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl sulfonyl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl sulfinyl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroarylthio group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl sulfonyl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl sulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membererd heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylthio group, a C₂₋₈ S alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenylsulfinyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylthio group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynylsulfonyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl sulfinyl group, an amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alklylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl) C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkodyamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membererd heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl gorup, 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, which may be respectively protected); Y represents oxygen atom, sulfur atom or the formula R⁴N (wherein R⁴ represents hydrogen atom, hydroxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₄₋₈ bicycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃ cycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthiocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di C₁₋₈ alkylaminocarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxy C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₃₋₈ cycloalkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a hydroxy C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a mercapto C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a halogeno C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a nitro C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a cyano C₁₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₅₋₁₂ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a mercapto C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₁₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a hydroxy 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a mercapto 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylthio C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryl group, C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl C₆₋₁₂ heteroaryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a nitro 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a cyano 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, an amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl) C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, an amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, which may be respectively protected if necessary and may be substituted by at least one Z⁴ which have the same meaning as Z³, and R⁴ may form, together with R³, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocyclic group of monocycle or bicycle, which may further contains 0 to 4 hetero atoms selected from N, O, S(O)_(n) (wherein, n represents 0, 1 or 2); provided that the case R³is hydrogen atom or hydroxy group when Y is oxygen atom or sulfur atom is excluded), and the compound represented by the formula (III):

(wherein, PG represents: a) a silyl group which may be substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₂ aryl group and an optionally substituted 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group; b) a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; c) a C₃₋₉ alkenoyl group; d) a C₃₋₉ alkynoyl group; e) a C₇₋₁₃ aryloyl group; f) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloyl group; g) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; h) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; i) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; j) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group; k) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group; l) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group; m) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group; n) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group; o) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group; p) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group; g) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group; r) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group; s) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group; t) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group; u) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group; v) a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group; w) a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group; x) a C₁₋₆ alkylphosphonyl group; y) a C₆₋₁₂ arylphosphonyl group or z) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylphosphonyl group) by one-pot under the condition of, if necessary, activating the compound represented by the above formula (III); and deprotecting, if necessary.
 4. A process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound represented by the formula (IV) or (IV′):

(wherein, R¹, R², R³, PG and Y respectively have the same meanings as defined below), which comprises the steps of reacting the compound represented by the formula (I), the compound represented by the formula (II) and the compound represented by the formula (III) by one-pot, if necessary, under the condition of activating the compound represented by the formula (III), and deprotecting, if necessary:

wherein, R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other and each represents hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenylaryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group or a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, which may be respecteively protected if necessary, and are independent of each other and may be substituted by at least one optional group selected from the group represented by Z¹ (wherein, Z¹ has the same meaning as Z³), provided that the compound in which both R¹ and R² are hydrogen atoms is excluded; R³—YH  (II) wherein, R³ represents hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenylaryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, an amino group or a C₁₋₆ alkylamino group, which may be respectively protected if necessary and may be substituted by at least one optional group selected from the group represented by Z³ (wherein, Z³ represents hydroxy group, mercapto group, amino group, hydroxyamino group, carboxyl group, thiocarboxyl group, dithiocarboxyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfonylamido group, azido group, cyano group, nitro group, ureido group, guanidino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylguanidino group, diC₁₋₈ alkylguanidino group, hydrazino group, hydrazinocarbonyl group, amidino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamidino group, isocyano group, cyanate group, isocyanate group, thiocyanate group, isothiocyanate group, nitroso group, thioformyl group, a C₁₋₁₂ acyl group, a C₂₋₁₂ acyloxy group, a C₁₋₁₂ acyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, carbamoyl group, a N—C₁₋₈ alkylcarbamoyl group, an N,N-di-(C₁₋₈ alkyl)carbamoyl group, carbamyl group, a halogen atom, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group, morpholino group, thiomorpholino group, piperazino group, an N-alkylpiperazino group, piperidino group, pyrazolidino group, pyrrolinyl group, pyrrolidinyl group, imidazolidyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, an amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxyamino group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, which may be respectively protected if necessary); Y represents oxygen atom, sulfur atom or the formula R⁴N (wherein R⁴ represents hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ hydroxyalkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxycarbonyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a hydroxy C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a halogeno C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a nitro C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a cyano C₆₋₁₂ aryl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₈ alkenyl group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, which may be respectively protected if necessary and may be substituted by at least one Z⁴ which have the same meaning as Z³, or, in case of R⁴ forming together with R³, 5, 6 or 7-membered heterocyclic group of monocycle or bicycle, which may further contains 0 to 4 hetero atoms selected from N, O, S (O)_(n) (wherein, n represents 0, 1 or 2)); provided that the case R³ is hydrogen atom or hydroxy group when Y is oxygen atom or sulfur atom is excluded;

wherein, PG represents: a) a silyl group which may be substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₂ aryl group and an optionally substituted 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group; b) a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; c) a C₃₋₉ alkenoyl group; d) a C₃₋₉ alkynoyl group; e) a C₇₋₁₃ aryloyl group; f) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloyl group; g) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; h) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; i) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; j) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group; k) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group; l) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group; m) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group; n) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group; o) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group; p) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group; q) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group; r) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group; s) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group; t) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group; u) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group; v) a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group; w) a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group; x) a C₁₋₆ alkylphosphonyl group; y) a C₆₋₁₂ arylphosphonyl group; or z) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylphosphonyl group.
 5. A process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound represented by the formula (IV) or (IV′):

(wherein, R¹, R², R³, PG and Y respectively have the same meanings as defined below), which comprises the steps of reacting the compound represented by the formula (I), the compound represented by the formula (II) and the compound represented by the formula (III) by one-pot, if necessary, under the condition of activating the compound represented by the formula (III), and deprotecting, if necessary:

wherein, R¹ and R² are the same as or different from each other and each represents hydrogen atom, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group or a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, which may be respecteively protected if necessary, and are independent of each other and may be substituted by at least one optional group selected from the group represented by Z¹ (wherein, Z¹ has the same meaning as Z³) , provided that the compound in which both R¹ and R² are hydrogen atoms is excluded; R³—YH  (II) wherein, R³ represents hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group or a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, which may be respectively protected if necessary and may be substituted by at least one optional group selected from the group represented by Z³ (wherein, Z³ represents hydroxy group, mercapto group, amino group, hydroxyamino group, carboxyl group, thiocarboxyl group, dithiocarboxyl group, sulfonyl group, sulfonylamido group, azido group, cyano group, nitro group, ureido group, guanidino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylguanidino group, diC₁₋₈ alkylguanidino group, hydrazino group, hydrazinocarbonyl group, amidino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamidino group, isocyano group, cyanate group, isocyanate group, thiocyanate group, isothiocyanate group, nitroso group, thioformyl group, a C₁₋₁₂ acyl group, a C₂₋₁₂ acyloxy group, a C₁₋₁₂ acyl C₁₋₈ alkyl group, carbamoyl group, a N—C₁₋₈ alkylcarbamoyl group, an N, N-di-(C₁₋₈ alkyl)carbamoyl group, carbamyl group, a halogen atom, trifluoromethyl group, trifluoromethoxy group, morpholino group, thiomorpholino group, piperazino group, an N-alkylpiperazino group, piperidino group, pyrazolidino group, pyrrolinyl group, pyrrolidinyl group, imidazolidyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group, an amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkylamino group, di(C₁₋₈ alkyl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxyamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoylamino group, a C₂₋₉ alkanoyloxyamino group, a C₆₋₁₂ arylamino group, di(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl(C₆₋₁₂ aryl)amino group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylamino group, di(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl(5 to 12-membered heteroaryl)amino group, which may be respectively protected if necessary); Y represents oxygen atom or the formula R⁴N (wherein R⁴ represents hydrogen atom, a hydroxy group, a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkenyl group, a C₂₋₈ alkynyl group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl group or a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group, which may be respectively protected if necessary and may be substituted by at least one Z⁴ which have the same meaning as Z³, or, in case of R⁴ forming together with R³, 5 or 6-membered heterocyclic group, which may further contains 0 to 4 hetero atoms selected from N, O, S(O)_(n) (wherein, n represents 0, 1 or 2)); provided that the case R³ is hydrogen atom or hydroxy group when Y is oxygen atom is excluded;

wherein, PG represents: a) a silyl group which may be substituted by at least one selected from the group consisting of a C₁₋₈ alkyl group, a C₁₋₈ alkoxy group, a C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted C₆₋₁₂ aryl group and an optionally substituted 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl group; b) a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; c) a C₃₋₉ alkenoyl group; d) a C₃₋₉ alkynoyl group; e) a C₇₋₁₃ aryloyl group; f) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryloyl group; g) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; h) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; i) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group; j) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group; k) a C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group; l) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group; m) a C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group; n) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group; o) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group; p) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group; q) a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group; r) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfonyl group; s) a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₁₋₈ alkylsulfinyl group; t) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfonyl group; u) a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ arylsulfinyl group; v) a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfonyl group; w) a C₁₋₈ alkyl 5 to 12-membered heteroarylsulfinyl group; x) a C₁₋₆ alkylphosphonyl group; y) a C₆₋₁₂ arylphosphonyl group; or z) a 5 to 12-membered heteroarylphosphonyl group.
 6. The process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound as defined in claim 1, wherein the compound represented by the formula (III) is activated under the presence of bases, under the presence of a Pd complex or under an extra-high pressure.
 7. The process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound as defined in claim 1, wherein the compound represented by the formula (III) is activated under the presence of bases.
 8. The process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound as defined in claim 1, wherein the base is a tertiary amine or K₂CO₃.
 9. The process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound as defined in claim 1, wherein the PG is a trimethylsilyl group, a t-butyldimethylsilyl group or a t-butyldiphenylsilyl group.
 10. The process for producing an α-hydroxy-carbonyl compound or an α-protected hydroxy-carbonyl compound as defined in claim 1, wherein the PG is a C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group, a C₇₋₁₃ aryloyl group, a 5 to 12-membered group, a C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group, a 5 to 12-membered heteroaryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group or a C₁₋₈ alkyl C₆₋₁₂ aryl C₂₋₉ alkanoyl group. 